138. Introduction to SQL
Rev. 2.1
This course is an introduction to the SQL database language. After
this course the student will be able to use SQL to define, manipulate and
control access to their data. The course thoroughly covers SQL syntax and facilities.
The course begins with a general introduction to databases,
including the principles of relational databases. Data retrieval is discussed
in depth, covering all of the pertinent features of SQL, including joins. Data
Manipulation Language is covered, including inserting, updating and deleting
data. Transaction control and locking is discussed. Data Definition Language is
covered, including creating, altering and dropping tables, and the use of
integrity constraints. Views and indexes are covered. The course includes
detailed coverage of Data Control Language. The course concludes with an
introduction to the principles of relational database design.
The material is generic to SQL. An appendix provides a survival
guide to working with Microsoft SQL Server. The student will receive a Student
Guide containing complete course notes with a lab manual containing very
complete write-ups of laboratory exercises and solutions. A file provides a
setup script for the class database. All courseware software is available for
download.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
·
Introduction to Databases - their purposes and
terminology
·
Gain an in-depth understanding of SQL - concepts,
syntax, uses
·
Use SQL hands-on to access a database
Course Duration: 3
days.
Prerequisites:
General familiarity with computers and data processing.
1. Introduction
to Databases
Database
Files or Tables
Database - Further Properties
Metadata
2. Relational
Databases
Relational Database
Example of a Relation
Relational Operations
3. Introduction
To SQL
History of SQL
Data Definition Language
Tables
Schemas
Views
Data Manipulation Language
Find Data
Insert, Update and Delete Data
Data Control Language
Grant and Revoke
Commit and Rollback
Non-Procedural Language
SQL Datatypes
4. Table
Creation
Create Table
Column Constraints
NULL and NOT NULL
Keys
Default Values
References and Check Clauses
Additional Constraints
Foreign Keys
Populating A Table
Insert Statement
Inserting Into a Table through a Query Specification
5. Finding
Data In Tables – Part I
Select Statement
Where Clause
Predicates
Boolean combinations
SQL “Truth” Tables
Boolean Precedence
Two Value Rules Retained
Between Predicate
In Predicate
Outer Reference
Exists Predicate
Quantified Predicate
6. Finding
Data in Tables - Part II
Joins
Cross Product Joins
Equ-Join
Outer-Joins
Left Outer Join
Union, Intersection, and Difference
All Keyword
Order By
Multiple Column Order Bys
NULL and ORDER BY
7. Finding
and Updating Data in Tables
Aggregate Functions
Table for Aggregates
Aggregate functions, examples
Aggregate Function Rules
Group By
Having Cause
Views
Normalized Tables and Views
Combined View
Views and Security
Drop View
Update
Assignments
Delete
Updateble Views
8. More
Data Definition Language
Drop Table
Alter
Create Index
Index Speedup
9. Data
Control Language
Data Control Language
Grant
Reference Privileges
Revoke
Abandoned Privileges
Transaction
Commit and Rollback
Transactions and Microsoft (all material following in chapter is
specific to Microsoft)
SQL Server Locks
Locking Granularity
Shared, Exclusive and Update Lock
Intent, Extent and Demand Locks
Demand locks
sp_lock
Deadlock
ISQLW and Transactions
ISQLW and set statements
Read Commited
Read Uncommited
Repeatable Read
HOLDLOCK
Other Table Qualifiers
10. Introduction to
Relational Database Design
One-To-One Relationships
One-To-Many
Many-To-Many
Normal Forms
First Normal Form
Second Normal Form
Third Normal Form
Appendix A. Lab Manual
Appendix B. SQL Server Survival Guide
SQL Server
Enterprise Manager
Query Analyzer
Appendix C. Reading List
System Requirements
The course is designed to be delivered in any environment supporting
a SQL compliant DBMS with a query facility. SQL Server is recommended as the
DBMS.
